Everything we, see includes many things that we cannot see.
For example, this plant.

It has a trunk, branches attached to it, and leaves on the branches.
So what would we see if we split those leaves?
Cells.
What if we split cells?
Molecules.
What if we split the molecules?
Atoms.

What if we split atoms?

Indivisible, said the Greek philosopher Democritus, Atomos!
It means indivisible in Greek.
“All things consist of some indivisible little things.”

Yes, this division process has to end somewhere.
Intuitively, if we think a little bit, we can come to the idea that the things that make up matter consist of a single, indivisible thing.

let's show such a plant with parts like this.
This is what happens when you connect several types of Lego pieces together in different ways.
If I break it down into pieces, I get to the smallest building blocks.
So these tiny Lego pieces are atoms.
Because atomos, that is, indivisible!

That's what we thought was true for thousands of years.
However, there is a nucleus smaller than this, subatomic particles smaller than that, and fundamental particles smaller than that.
And 17 of them.
They are the ones who are truly indivisible.

In this video, we will examine what they are one by one.


The Standard Model of particle physics is a powerful theory that explains the fundamental building blocks that make up matter and the interactions between these particles. While this model stands out for being highly compatible with observations and experiments, it is also an important tool that helps us understand the basic building blocks of the universe.


The Standard Model includes matter particles (fermions) and force particles (bosons). Matter particles include quarks and leptons, while force particles include photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons. Interactions between these particles are used as the basis for explaining physical phenomena observed in the universe.


One of the most important parts of the model is the Higgs boson. The Higgs boson confirms the existence of the Higgs field, an interaction mechanism that gives other particles their mass. Additionally, the Standard Model explains the interactions of the four fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces) in the universe.


However, the Standard Model also points out some problems. It has shortcomings in issues such as not fully explaining the concept of gravity and the generation problem. Additionally, quantum gravity, a theory that would unify gravity and quantum mechanics, has not yet been developed.


In conclusion, the Standard Model of Particle Physics is a powerful theory used to explain the fundamental building blocks of the universe and the interactions between these particles. However, further progress is needed to solve the deeper and more complex problems of the universe.

By watching the video you will learn about the following topics:


1) Hierarchy of Matter Structure: In the video, you will explore the hierarchy from plant tissues to molecules, from atoms to fundamental particles, to understand the underlying structure of visible matter.


2) Evolution of the Atomic Model: Besides the classical model of atoms, you will see a more modern perspective offered by quantum mechanics. You will discover how electrons move within the framework of the uncertainty principle and the true size of the atomic nucleus.


3) WaveParticle Duality: You will understand waveparticle duality, one of the fundamental concepts in particle physics. You will learn how electrons sometimes behave like particles and sometimes like waves, and how this behavior is explained.


4) Forces and Carrier Particles: You will understand the four fundamental forces that interact in the universe (gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak forces) and the carrier particles of these forces.


5) Quantum Oscillations: You will observe how neutrinos oscillate and the transformations between different types of neutrinos.


6) Basic Concepts of the Standard Model: You will learn the basic concepts of the Standard Model (fermions, bosons, quarks, leptons, Higgs boson, etc.) and how these concepts explain the basic building blocks of the universe.


7) Open Problems in Physics: You will see the still unsolved problems of the Standard Model, especially the lack of a theory that would unify gravity and quantum mechanics, and issues such as the generation problem.


8) Limits of Science and the Importance of Discoveries: You will understand that science always has shortcomings, but these shortcomings can be eliminated through continuous discovery and research.

Imprint:
Researched and Written by: Ögetay Kayalı
Edited by: Alperen Çatak
Edited and Presented by: Barış Özcan

Links and Resources:
If you would like to learn more about the topics mentioned in this video, you can find the full text and contextual resources on my website.

https://barisozcan.com
  / barisozcan