HEART SOUNDS

The heart's job is to pump blood and this can create some noise.

1st sound (S1): "LUB". This sound is due to the closure of the AV Valves (bicuspid/tricuspid). It happens when the ventricles start to contract "Systole".

2nd sound (S2): "DUB". This sound is due to the closure of the SL Valves (aortic/pulmonic). It happens when the ventricles start to relax "Diastole".

✅S1 + S2 = normal heart sounds✅

3rd sound (S3): caused by increased atrial pressure leads to rapid ventricular filling.
Found in: HEART FAILURE with older patients, normal in younger patients less than 40 yrs.
Sound: KEN...tucky, KEN...tucky. Very similar to the sound of a horse competing in the KENTUCKY derby.

4th sound (S4): caused by a forceful atria contraction against noncomplaint/stiff ventricle.
Found in: Patients with stiff ventricles from hypertension, aortic stenosis, ischemic heart disease.
Sound: teNNE..ssee, teNNE..ssee

HEART MURMUR: normal blood flow is smooth with ⬇ noise, heart murmurs are turbulent with ⬆ noise.

Mumur of Mitral Stenosis: caused by mitral valve narrowed.
Found in: Rheumatic Heart Disease, Infective Endocarditis
Sound: whispering the letter "R"

Murmur of Mitral Regurgitation: caused by incompetent mitral valve.
Found in: Weak Valve, Ischemic Heart Disease, Infective Endocarditis, Rheumatic Heart Disease
Sound: Being freezing and saying "Brrrr" ❄

Murmur of Aortic Stenosis: narrowed aortic valve.
Found in: idiopathic age related calcification of valve
Sound: Touching lips to a fuzzy microphone.

Murmur of Aortic Regurgitation: caused by incompetent aortic valve that causes backflow of blood.
Found in: Connective Tissue Disorders (ex: Marfan Syndrome)
Sound: diving and hearing noise underwater

Hope this helps!
XOXO Amanda

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Heart sound drawings credit: @zerotofinals ❤❤❤