Content:
Introduction 0:00
Parts of the Esophagus: 00:25
Curvatures of the Esophagus: 02:16
Constrictions of the Esophagus: 02:45
Layers of the Esophageal Wall: 05:09


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Esophagus:
Length is about 25 cm
Lies between Pharynx and the Stomach
Divided into 3 parts:
○ Cervical Part (Pars Cervicalis)
○ Thoracic Part (Pars Thoracica)
○ Abdominal Part (Pars Abdominalis)
Cervical Part:
○ Starts at the Pharyngeal Opening into Esophagus (Ostium Oesophageum)
○ Ends at Superior thoracic aperture (Apertura thoracica superior)
Thoracic Part
○ Starts at Superior thoracic aperture (Apertura thoracica superior)
○ Ends at Esophageal Hiatus (Hiatus Oesophageus Diaphragmatis)
Abdominal Part
○ Starts at Esophageal Hiatus (Hiatus Oesophageus Diaphragmatis)
○ Ends at Cardiac Orifice (Ostium Cardiacum Gastrici)

Curvatures of the Esophagus
Curves to the left at the beginning (cervical part)
Curves to the right at the middle thoracic part
Curves to the left above the diaphragm

Constrictions of the Esophagus
Anatomical Constrictions
○ Pharyngeoesophageal Constriction
○ Bronchoaortic Constriction
○ Diaphragmatic Constriction
Physiological Constrictions
○ At the level of T8T9
○ At the level of T11 (Lower Esophageal Sphincter)

Layers of the Esophageal Wall:
Tunica Mucosa
○ Stratified Squamous NonKeratinized Epithelia
○ Contains Mucous Glands and Vasculature
○ Has Lamina Muscularis Mucosa
Tela Submucosa
○ Loose Connective Tissue with esophageal glands and esophageal cardiac glands
Tunica Muscularis
○ Inner Circular Muscle fibers
○ Outer Longitudinal Muscle fibers (upper 1/3 skeletal, then gradually replaced by smooth muscle)
Tunica Adventitia
Tunica Serosa

Sources used in this video:
Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
Biorender
University notes and lectures