Content:
Introduction 0:00
Parts of the Pharynx: 00:36
Nasopharynx: 01:53
Oropharynx: 07:19
Laryngopharynx: 07:44
Layers of Pharyngeal Wall: 08:36
Muscles of the Pharynx 10:17


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Parts of the Pharynx:
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall
Muscles of the Pharynx

Pharynx:
12 to 15 cm long
Nasopharynx (Pars Nasalis)
Oropharynx (Pars Oralis)
Laryngopharynx (Pars Laryngis)

Nasopharynx:
Level of C1C2
Vault of Pharynx (Fornix Pharyngis)
Attachment points of the pharynx: Pharyngeal Tubercle of the occipital bone (tuberculum pharyngeum), Petrooccipital Fissure (petrooccipital synchondrosis), Inferior Surface of Petrous Part (Temporal Bone), Medial Lamina of Pterygoid Process
Choana (Internal Nose)
Auditory Tube
Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (Ostium Pharyngeum Tubae Auditiva)
Cushion of the Auditory Canal (Torus Tubarius)
Pharyngeal Recess (Recessus Pharyngeus)
Pharyngeal Tonsils / Adenoids (Tonsilla pharyngealis)
Tubal Tonsils (Tonsilla Tubaria)

Overview of Auditory Tube:
Ear Structures: Outer Ear, Middle Ear (ossicles and tympanic membrane), Inner ear.
Eustachian Tube connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear
Function of auditory tube:
○ Equalizing the pressure
○ Draining the middle ear

Oropharynx:
Level of C4C4
Bordered by Soft Palate and Epiglottis
Connects with the Oral cavity through the Oropharyngeal Isthmus (Isthmus faucium)

Laryngopharynx:
Level of C5C6
Continues into Larynx through Laryngeal Inlet (auditus laryngis)
Piriform Fossa (Recessus Piriformis)

Layers of the Pharyngeal Wall:
Tunica Mucosa
○ Lined by Respiratory Epithelium (Pseudostratified epithelium with cilia and goblet cells)
○ Lined by Stratified Squamous non keratinized epithelium
Tela Submucosa
○ Contains Connective tissue with blood vessels and lymph vessels, and glands
Tunica Muscularis
○ Has 2 muscle layers for peristalsis
○ Internal Circular muscle layer (Stratum Circulare)
○ Outer Longitudinal Muscle layer (Stratum longitudinale)
Tunica Adventitia
○ Covers Pharynx from outside

External Pharyngeal Muscles:
Pharyngeal Constrictors (Musculi Constrictores Pharyngis)
○ Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
○ Medial Pharyngeal Constrictor
○ Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
Pharyngeal Elevators (Musculi Levatores Pharyngis)
○ Stylopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Stylopharyngeum)
○ Palatopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Palatopharyngeum)
○ Salpingopharyngeus Muscle (Musculus Salpingopharyngeus)

Sources used in this video:
Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
Biorender
University notes and lectures