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What is ARP?
ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol. It's designed to discover MAC addresses and then map them to an IP address.

When our computers communicate, they primarily use IP addresses. But before they can send any data to the layer 2 switched network, they first need to find the MAC address of the destination.

To do this, they use ARP requests to shout out to the entire networks asking "who is 192.168.0.4? Tell me your MAC address". All other computers will ignore this request accept for 192.168.0.4 who will respond with its own MAC address.

Our computer will then take note of this MAC address and associated IP address and keep them in the ARP cache for future use.

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