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What is NAT?

Network Address Translation (NAT) is used to convert private IP addresses to public IP addresses and vise versa.
The feature was introduced to prolong the life of IPv4 addresses. By using NAT you can convert all your private IP addresses to a single (or few) public address. This means a huge number of public addresses can be saved because the private addresses can be used over and over again in private networks across the world.

Types of NAT
There are three types of NAT, some more common than others but it’s a good idea to know exactly how each one works and how they can be used.

Static
Static NAT is when you manually assign each private IP address + port number a public IP address + port number. This could be used when running web server or mail serve.

Dynamic
The way Dynamic NAT works is by assigning each private IP to a public IP from a manually created pool of available public addresses.
You can use this to merge two networks with the same subnet together. You would configure the connecting routers to make the subnets appear to be different to what they actually are.

PAT (Overload)
Port Address Transaction (PAT) or Overload as it is often called is the most popular version used today.
The way PAT works is it converts the private address + port number to the public address + port number.


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