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The Unreasonable Efficiency of Black Holes

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This video is about how efficient various reactions are at converting mass to energy (as we know from the Einstein massenergy equivalence of E=mc^2). Antimatter is very efficient but it is not naturallyoccurring. Chemical reactions like fire or explosions are very inefficient. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are better, but not amazing on an absolute scale. Nonrotating black holes (Schwarzschild) and rotating (Kerr) are by far the most efficient, due to their accretion disks and very small radius of their innermost stable circular orbits.

REFERENCES:
Periodic Videos Hydrogen Explosion in slow motion:    • Hydrogen Explosions (slow motion)  P...  

CIA World Factbook Norway Energy Consumption: https://web.archive.org/web/201201280...

Binding Energy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding...

Hydrogen molecular bonding: https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/chemistry...

Gibbs free energy of water formation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standar...

Party Balloon Size Chart: https://broadwaypartyrental.com/wpco...

Mass Excess https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_ex...

Table of Mass Excesses: http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/masses/mass.m...

DeuteriumTritium Hydrogen Fusion Energy Released: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)

Hydrogen to Helium Fusion chain efficiency: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)

Uranium235 fission efficiency: http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)'>http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=...)

Black Hole Accretion rates: http://wwwastro.physics.ox.ac.uk/~ga...


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Created by Henry Reich

posted by Hathawaybn