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Reading comprehension is the ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows.[1][2] Fundamental skills required in efficient reading comprehension are knowing the meaning of words, ability to understand the meaning of a word from discourse context, ability to follow the organization of passage and to identify antecedents and references in it, ability to draw inferences from a passage about its contents, ability to identify the main thought of a passage, ability to answer questions answered in a passage, ability to recognize the literary devices or propositional structures used in a passage and determine its tone, to understand the situational mood (agents, objects, temporal and spatial reference points, casual and intentional inflections, etc.) conveyed for assertions, questioning, commanding, refraining, etc. and finally able to determine writer's purpose, intent and point of view, and draw inferences about the writer (discoursesemantics).
The ability to comprehend text is influenced by readers' skills and their ability to process information. If word recognition is difficult, students use too much of their processing capacity to read individual words, which interferes with their ability to comprehend what is read. There are many reading strategies to improve reading comprehension and inferences, including improving one's vocabulary, critical text analysis (intertextuality, actual events vs. narration of events, etc.), and practicing deep reading.
Contents
1 Overview
1.1 Definition
1.2 Reading comprehension levels
1.3 Vocabulary
2 History
3 Reading strategies
3.1 Reciprocal teaching
3.2 Instructional conversations
3.3 Text factors
3.4 NonVerbal Imagery
3.5 Visualization
3.6 Partner reading
3.7 Multiple reading strategies
3.8 Comprehension Strategies
3.9 Assessment
3.9.1 Running records
4 Difficult or complex content
4.1 Reading difficult texts
4.2 Hyperlinks
5 Professional development
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Overview
People learn comprehension skills through education or instruction and some learn by direct experiences.[6] Proficient reading depends on the ability to recognize words quickly and effortlessly.[7] It is also determined by an individual's cognitive development, which is "the construction of thought processes".

There are specific characteristics that determine how successfully an individual will comprehend text, including prior knowledge about the subject, welldeveloped language, and the ability to make inferences from methodical questioning & monitoring comprehension like: "Why is this important?" and "Do I need to read the entire text?" are examples of passage questioning.[8]

Instruction for comprehension strategy often involves initially aiding the students by social and imitation learning, wherein teachers explain genre styles and model both topdown and bottomup strategies and familiarize students with a required complexity of text comprehension.[9] After the contiguity interface, the second stage involves the gradual release of responsibility wherein over time teachers give stnstrating what it means to be an effective reader and the rewards of being one.
Definition
Reading comprehension is the level of understanding of a text/message. This understanding comes from the interaction between the words that are written, and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message.[12][13] Comprehension is a "creative, multifaceted process" dependent upon four language skills: phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.[14]

Reading comprehension levels
Reading comprehension involves two levels of processing, shallow (lowlevel) processing, and deep (highlevel) processing. Deep processing involves semantic processing, which happens when we encode the meaning of a word and relate it to similar words. Shallow processing involves structural and phonemic recognition, the processing of sentence and word structure, i.e. firstorder logic, and their associated sounds. This theory was first identified by Fergus I. M. Craik and Robert S. Lockhart.
Comprehension levels are observed through neuroimaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). fMRI's are used to determine the specific neural pathways of activation across two conditions, narrativelevel comprehension and sentencelevel comprehension.