The Universe is ancient, far older than our own Solar System. What were the first stars that formed like? How different to the Sun could they have been? Today we explore 3 fascinating astrophysical stars in the early Universe.

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Thankyou to Kevin Clark, Tom Widdowson, Denny Smith, Stephanie Hackley, Mark Sloan, Laura Sanborn, Kolos Kantor, Patrick Herman, Abel Aganbegyan, Claudio Bottaccini, Daniel Brunk, Douglas Daughaday, Scott Fincher, James Kindred, Andrew Jones, Jason Allen, Steven Baldwin, Jason Black, Stuart Brownlee, Shivam Chaturvedi, David Denholm, Tim Dorais, Glen Downton, Eneko Xabier, Elizondo Urrestarazu, Gordon Fulton, Sean Griffiths, Peter Halloran, John Jurcevic, Niklas Kildal, Jack Kobernick, Wes Kobernick, Valeri Kremer, Marc Lijoi, Sheri Loftin, Branden Loizides, Anatoliy Maslyanchuk, Blair Matson, Ocean Mcintyre, Laini Mitchell, Jeffrey Needle, André Pelletier, Juan Rivillas, Bret Robinson, Zenith Star, Lauren Steely, Ernest StefanMatyus, Mark Steven, Elena West, Barrett York, Tristan Zajonc, Preetumsingh Gowd, Shaun Kelsey, Chuck Wolfred, David Vennel, Emre Dessoi, Fahid Naeem, Francisco Rebolledo, Hauke Laging, James Falls, Jon Adams, Michael Gremillion, Pierce Rutherford, Trev Kline, Tristan Leger, Lasse Skov, Takashi Hanai, Drew Roberts, Erynn Wilson, Ian Baskerville, Jacob Bassnett, John Shackleford, Marcus Undin, Martin Kroebel, Ian Johnstone, Geoff Suter, Ian Hopcraft, James Valdes, Phil AkrillMisso, William Robertson & Elizabeth Orman

::References used::
► Freese, K. et al., 2015, "Dark Stars: A Review", Reports on Progress in Physics, 79, 066902 : https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02394

::Movies/TV scenes used::
► Ali (2001) Sony Pictures Releasing
► Snatch (2000) Sony Pictures Releasing
► The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001) New Line Cinema

::Other video footage used::
► ESO/Exeter/Kraus et al./L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/usa/videos...
► ESO/L. Calçada https://www.eso.org/public/usa/videos...
► NASA/SDO https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/ult...
► S. Drasco/C. Ott/SXS Project    • ThreeDimensional CoreCollapse Super...  
► ESO/L. Calçada, INAFPadua/S. Zaggia https://www.eso.org/public/usa/videos...
► NASA/WMAP https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/media/99032...
► NASA, Harvard CfA, Illustris Collaboration https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/imagelist...
► OzGrav ARC Centre of Excellence    • Black Hole Lensing  
► KuoChuan Pan    • Corecollapse supernova simulation  
► Gemini Observatory/NSF/AURA/Joy Pollard    • New Type of Supernova Destroys Monste...   [dont link]
► NASA/ESA/J. DePasquale/M. Kornmesser & M. Zamani, A. Riess & SH0ES https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/...
► LIGO Lab Caltech:MIT/SXS project    • Two Black Holes Merge into One  
► M. Bate, I. Bonnell & V. Bromm/U. of Exeter https://www.ukaff.ac.uk/starcluster/
► NCSA Advanced Visualization Lab, M. Norman & H. Xu (UC San Diego), B. O’Shea (Michigan State U.), J. Wise (Georgia Tech), K. Ahn (Chosun U.)    • First Light in the Renaissance Simula...  

::Music::
Music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) [shorturl.at/ptBHI], or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., or via Envato (https://audiojungle.net/), or with permission from the artist.
► "Human Nature" [intro/outro] by Hill, used with permission from the artist: https://hillmusic.bandcamp.com/album/...
► "Cylinder Four" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► "Painted Deserts" by Shimmer licensed via SS
► "Female Choir" by Rafael Krux licensed under a Music Standard License by Envato: https://audiojungle.net/item/femalec...
► "We Were Never Meant to Live Here" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/
► "Waking Up" by Atlas licensed via SS
► "Cylinder Seven" by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/

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0:00 Prologue
1:21 Early Stars
4:43 Population III Stars
8:48 Pair Instability Supernovae
14:39 Dark Stars
19:12 Final Thoughts

#PrimordialStars #DarkStars #CoolWorlds