The Copernican Principle has been with us for centuries. It broadly states that "we are typical" but increasingly we are beginning to question this doctrine. One famous push back is the Rare Earth hypothesis, but testing this idea will take generations. What about our Sun? Surely here we should have a better understanding as to whether our star is typical or not. Join us as we discuss why the Sun might be more special than Copernicus ever imagined.

Written and presented by Prof Kipping

This video is based on research conducted at the Cool Worlds Lab at Columbia University, New York. You can now support our research program directly here: https://www.coolworldslab.com/support

*Correction, Copernicus was Polish!

Thankyou to Kevin Clark, Denny Smith, Stephanie Hackley, Kolos Kantor for their support and especially to Executive Producers Tom Widdowson, Laura Sanborn & Mark Sloan.

References
► Ward & Brownlee, 2010, Rare Earth, Copernicus (Göttingen)
► Gilliland et al., 2010, Kepler Mission Stellar and Instument Noise Properties, ApJS, 197, 6: https://arxiv.org/abs/1107.5207
► Maehara et al., 2012, Superflares on solartype stars, Nature, 485, 478: https://www.nature.com/articles/natur...
► Tu et al., 2020, Superflares on solartype stars from the first year observation of TESS, ApJ, 890, 46: https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.11572
► Reinhold et al., 2020, The Sun is less active than other solarlike stars, Science, 368, 518: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01401
► Eric Mamajek spectral classifications: http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~emamaje...
► Kroupa, 2002, The Initial Mass Function of Stars: Evidence for Uniformity in Variable Systems, Science, 295, 82: https://arxiv.org/abs/astroph/0201098

Video materials
► Earth video credit to NASA/ESA/M.Kornmesser: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/ear...
► Galaxies fly through Sloan SDSS/BOSS/Berkeley Lab:    • A Flight Through the Universe, by the...  
► Flying into a galaxy by أحمد الحسيني:    • 4K Galaxy Space Star Travel Zoom in A...  
► Flying through stars by Wilson Blindado:    • DreamScene   Flying through Stars  
► HD 85512b animation by ESO/M. Kornmesser: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► DSCOVR/EPIC/BlueTurn Earth timelapse:    • Full Earth Video  April 1st 2018  
► K218b ESA/Hubble/M. Kornmesser: https://www.spacetelescope.org/videos...
► Milky Way animation by Stefan PayneWardenaar: https://vimeo.com/330625918
► Proxima animation by PHL@UPR Arecibo/ESO: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► Stellar granulation video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: https://www.su.se/isf/research/galler...
► Sunspot video observed & reduced by Vasco Manuel de Jorge Henriques, ISP(KVA), Stockholm: https://www.su.se/isf/research/galler...
► Solar prominence by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO:    • Monster Prominence  
► Fiery loop by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgibin/det...
► Charon fly over by NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute/Lunar and Planetary Institute: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resource...
► HST animations by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20314
► Transit animation by ESA: https://sci.esa.int/web/gaia//58789...
► Inside the Sun by SpaceRip:    • Seeing Inside the Sun  
► DKIST video: https://www.nso.edu/telescopes/dkist/...
► Sun timelapse by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SDO/S. Wiessinger: https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgibin/det...
► GJ 1214b animation by ESO/L. Calçada: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso...
► Sunset by ZH Media:    • Video  

Movies/TV scenes used
► Sunshine (2007)/Fox Searchlight Pictures

Music
All music used is licensed by SoundStripe.com (SS) or via Creative Commons (CC) Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
► Cylinder Four by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► Cylinder Five by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/cylinders/
► We Were Never Meant to Live Here by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/
► "Painted Deserts" by Shimmer, licensed through SoundStripe.com: https://app.soundstripe.com/songs/9913
► Stories About The World That Once Was by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/neptuneflux/
► The Sun is Scheduled to Come Out Tomorrow by Chris Zabriskie licensed under a CC Attribution license: http://chriszabriskie.com/honor/

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