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First Hop Redundancy Protocol (FHRP) allow hosts to send data to the redundant router without needing to make any changes to their configuration.

To use FHRP, you configure your routers to be part of a group. The group is then assigned a virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address. These are used to communicate with the hosts.

If a host sends an ARP message for the default gateway, both routers receive it, but only one will respond. If that router is down, then the other redundant router will respond instead.

FHRP is a term to describe multiple protocols. HSRP, VRRP and GLBP are all classed as FHRPs.

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