Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org/
Ninja Nerds,

In this lecture Professor Zach Murphy will be explaining everything you need to know about electrocardiograms (ECG/EKG). This is a huge lecture that will build all of your foundational skills on understanding the waveforms and deflections that occurs with EKGs. It is also an updated lecture we have created in the past! We hope you enjoy this lecture and be sure to check out all of our social media pages and ways to support us below!

References:
● Le T, Bhushan V, Sochat M, Chavda Y, Zureick A. First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2018. New York, NY: McGrawHill Medical; 2017
● Mancini MC. Heart Anatomy. In: Berger S Heart Anatomy. New York, NY: WebMD.https://emedicine.medscape.com/articl....
● Hill M. Cardiovascular System Heart Histology. https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/em.... Rosen IM and Manaker S. Oxygen delivery and consumption. In: Post TW, ed. UpToDate .
● Waltham, MA: UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/oxy....
● McCorry LK. Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System. Am J Pharm Educ .2007; 71(4): p.78. doi: 10.5688/aj710478.
● Standring S. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016
● Leslie P. Gartner, James L. Hiatt. Color Textbook of Histology. New York (NY): Grune & Stratton Inc.; 2006
● U. S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute. NIH SEER Training Modules Classification & Structure of Blood Vessels. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anat....
● Ostenfeld E, Flachskampf FA. Assessment of right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by echocardiography: from geometric approximations to realistic shapes. Echo research and practice.2015; 2(1): p.R1R11. doi: 10.1530/ERP140077.
● Maceira AM, Prasad SK, Khan M, Pennell DJ. Reference right ventricular systolic and diastolic function normalized to age, gender and body surface area from steadystate free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance.. Eur Heart J .2006; 27(23): p.287988. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl336. Klabunde RE. Hemorrhagic Shock. http://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20P....
● Drucker WR, Chadwick CD, Gann DS. Transcapillary refill in hemorrhage and shock.. Arch Surg .1981; 116(10): p.134453. pmid: 7283706.
● Kaur P, Basu S, Kaur G, Kaur R. Transfusion protocol in trauma. J Emerg Trauma Shock .2011; 4(1): p.103. doi: 10.4103/09742700.76844.
● Campbell RL, Li JTC, Nicklas RA, Sadosty AT. Emergency department diagnosis and treatment of anaphylaxis: a practice parameter. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol .2014; 113(6): p.599608. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.10.007
● Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Early acute management in adults with spinal cord injury: A clinical practice guideline for healthcare professionals.. J Spinal Cord Med .2008; 31(4): p.40379. pmid: 18959359.
● Marieb EN, Hoehn K. Anatomy & Physiology. Hoboken, NJ: Pearson; 2020. Boron WF, Boulpaep EL. Medical Physiology.;2017.

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