Some mathematical order amidst the chaos of turbulence.
Vortex rings with Physics Girl:    • How to Make a SQUARE Vortex Ring! ft....  
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Thanks to Dan Walsh for many great ideas, and thanks to Mike Hansen for many helpful conversations.

Error correction: I meant to describe Kolmogorov as a “20thcentury mathematician” not “19thcentury”. Whoops! I think during the narration I must have made the classic 1900s vs. 19thcentury mix up. Anyone aware of his work is more than aware of what century he lived in, which apparently applies to quite a few commenters.

And while we're here, the animation at 9:55 misleadingly has the vortex kind of speed up during the transition, which it should not do. Really, the velocity scales of eddies decrease for lower length scales.

Introduction to turbulence:
http://www.astronomy.ohiostate.edu/~...

More details on vortex stretching:
https://www.math.nyu.edu/faculty/taba...

Video on NightHawkInLight with a similar demo:
   • How To See Invisible Air Currents Wit...  

Music by Vincent Rubinetti:
https://vincerubinetti.bandcamp.com/a...



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