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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
Art by Khail Kupsky
Maps by Adriano Bezerra

If you like our videos, check out Leila's Youtube channel:
   / @somethingincredible  

Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist, stock footage from Videoblocks.

Image Credits:

Gruinard Island By Kevin Walsh from Oxford, England https://www.flickr.com/photos/8662458..., CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Isle Royale By Tony Webster from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States Lake Superior Shore at Isle Royale National Park, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Copper By James St. John Copper and silver (Mesoproterozoic, 1.05.1.06 Ga; Isle Royale Number 3 Mine, Houghton County, northern Michigan, USA), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

By James St. John Copper crystals (Mesoproterozoic, 1.051.06 Ga; Franklin Jr. Mine, Hancock, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Laurentian Mountains By Josyan Pierson http://www.josyan.ca, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Great Rift Valley By Redgeographics Map produced from scratch using public domain source data, CC BYSA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Amethyst By JJ Harrison (https://jjharrison.com.au/) Own work, CC BYSA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Great Lakes By Philroc Own work, CC BYSA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Eukaryotes By Picturepest Amöbe mit einverleibtem Rädertierchen Fokalebene 3, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Cells Ojima K, Lin Z, de Andrade I, Costa M, Mermelstein C, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons
Beyeler J, Schnyder I, Katsaros C, Chiquet M, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons

Eukaryotic cells by Alexander Klepnev, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/..., via Wikimedia Commons

Cyanobacteria Asai H, Iwamori S, Kawai K, Ehira S, Ishihara J, Aihara K, Shoji S, Iwasaki H, CC BY 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... via Wikimedia Commons

Red Algae By Dagoberto E. VeneraPontón, William E. Schmidt and Suzanne Fredericq [1] doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00652, CC BYSA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

By Eric Guinther at the Englishlanguage Wikipedia, CC BYSA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

By Emoody26 at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Bacteria Fontana C, Lambert A, Benaroudj N, Gasparini D, Gorgette O, Cachet N, Bomchil N, Picardeau M, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... via Wikimedia Commons

Bicellum images By Authors of the study: Paul K. Strother, Martin D. Brasier, David Wacey, Leslie Timpe, Martin Saunders, Charles H. Wellman https://www.cell.com/currentbiology/..., CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Somerset island By LawrieM Own work, CC BYSA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...

Bangiomorpha images courtesy of Professor Nicholas J Butterfield

Image of Black Sea Wreck courtesy of Dr. Rodrigo PachecoRuiz/Black Sea MAP

Back arc basin By Zyzzy2 at the Englishlanguage Wikipedia, CC BYSA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...