What ended the Ottoman Empire?

For centuries, the Ottoman Turks dominated much of the Middle East and Southern Europe, but by 1914 their empire was on its last legs, and in the aftermath of WW1 the Sultanate collapsed and was replaced by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's Republic of Turkey. Though the Ottoman Sultans weren't blind to the fact that their empire was declining—frankly, everyone else had noticed too—and they took several steps, most notably the Tanzimāt reforms, in an attempt to save themselves.


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