PS! at 6:23 I incorrectly said that the Median Umbilical ligament is a remnant of the umbilical arteries. It is, in fact, a remnant of the fetal urachus.

Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Functions of the Ureter: 00:50
Course of the Ureter: 01:44
Parts of the Ureter: 03:09
Constrictions of the Ureter: 03:53
Layers of Ureter Wall: 04:13
Urinary Bladder: 06:01
Layers of Urinary Bladder Wall 08:08
Anatomy of the Male Urethra: 10:06
Anatomy of the Female Urethra: 14:24

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Function of the Ureter:
From the Renal Pelvis
Ureter is a muscular tube that moved urine throguh peristaltic movement.

Course of the Ureter:
Enters Lesser Pelvis and crosses structures:
○ In Male: Crosses Ductus Deferens
○ In Female: Pass between Broas Ligament of the Uterus (Ligamentum Latum Uteri) and Cardinal Ligament of the Uterus (ligamentum cardinale Uretri)
Opens up as the Ureteric Orifices (Ostium Ureteris)

Parts of the Ureter:
Abdominal Part (Pars Abdominalis)
Pelvic Part (Pars Pelvica)
Intramural Part (Pars Intramuralis)
78 mm in Diameter

Narrowings of the Ureter:
Upper Narrowing: Junction with the Renal Pelvis
Middle Narrowing: Line Terminalis
Lower Narrowing: Intramural Part

Layers of the Ureter Wall:
Tunica Mucosa
Lower 1/3
○ Glands in Tela Submucosa
○ 3 layers of Tunica Muscularis
Inner part: Longitudinal Msucle Fibers
Middle Part Circular Muscle Fibers
Outer Part: Longitudinal Muscle fibers
Upper Part 2/3
○ 2 layers of Tunica Muscularis
Inner part: Longitudinal Msucle Fibers
Outer Part Circular Muscle Fibers
Tunica Adventitia

Urinary Bladder (Vesica Urinaria)
Sac which stores urine (250500ml)
Median Umbillical Ligament (Ligamentum Umbilicale Medianum)
Apex of Bladder (Apex Vesicae)
Body of Bladder (Corpus Vesicae)
Fundus of Urinary Bladder (Fundus Vesicae)
Emptu Urinary Bladder
○ Behind Pubic Symphysis (Symphysis Pubica)
○ Has anterior Surface and Posterior Surface
Full Urinary Bladder
○ Above the pubic symphysis
Right Ureteric Orifice (Ostium Ureteris Dextrum)
Left Ureteric Orifice (Ostium Ureteris Sinistrium)
Internal Urethral Orifice (Ostium Urethrae Internum)
Trigone of Bladder (Trigonum Vesicae)
Interureteric Crest (Plicae Interureterica)

Layers of the Urinary Bladder Wall:
Tunica Mucosa
○ Transitional Epithelium
○ Umbrella Cells
○ Lamina Propria
Tela Submucosa
○ Loose connective tissue
○ No folds in trigone of bladder (trigonum vesicae)
Tunica Muscularis
○ Consist of three muscle layers
Inner part: Longitudinal Msucle Fibers
Middle Part Circular Muscle Fibers
□ Inernal Urethral Sphincter (musculus sphincter urethrae internus)
Outer Part: Longitudinal Muscle fibers
Tunica Adventitia or Tunica Serosa
○ Tunica Adventitia if it faces pelvis
○ Tunica Serosa if it faces peritoneum

Anatomy of the Male Urethra:
Internal Urethral Orifice (Ostium Urethrae Internum)
External Urethral Orifice (Ostrium Urethrae Externum)
Parts of male urethra:
○ Prostatic Urethra (Pars Prostatica)
Urethral Crest (Crista Urethralis)
Seminal Colliculus (Colliculus Seminalis)
Prostatic Utricle (Utriculus Prostaticus)
Openings of the ejaculatory ducts (Ductus Ejaculatorius)
Prostatic Ductules (Ductuli Prostatici)
○ Membranous Urethra (Pars Membranacea)
Between prostate and bulb of penis (Bulbus Penis)
Surrounded by External Urethral Sphincter (musculus sphincter urethrae externus)
○ Spongy Urethra (Pars Spongiosa)
Located inside body of penis (corpus penis)
Bulb of Penis region: Duct of BulboUrethral Gland (Glandula Bulbourethralis)
Narrowins of the Male Urethra:
○ Internal Urethral Orifice (Ostium Urethrae Internum)
○ Membranous Part (Pars Membranacea)
○ External Urethral Orifce (Ostium Urethrae Externum)
Enlargements of the Male Urethra
○ Prostatic Urethra (Pars Prostatica)
○ Spongy Urethra (Pars Spongiosa)
○ Navicular Fossa (Fossa Naviculare Urethrae)
Walls of the Male Urethra
○ Tunica Mucosa
Urethral Lacuna (Lacuna Urethralis)
Navicular Fossa (Fossa Navicularis)
Valve of the Navicular Fossa (Vulva Fossa Navicularis)
○ Tunica Muscularis
Internal Urethral Sphincter (Musculus sphincter urethrae Internus)
External Urethral Sphincter (Musculus Sphincter Urethrae Externum)

Female Urethra Anatomy:
Internal Urethral Orifice (Ostium Urethrae Internum)
External Urethral Orifce (Ostium Urethrae Externum)
○ Behind Vlitoral Glans (Glans Clitoris)
Walls of the Female Urethra
○ Tunica Mucosa
Urethral Lacuna (Lacuna Urethralis)
○ Tunica Muscularis
Internal Urethral Sphincter (Musculus sphincter urethrae Internus)
External Urethral Sphincter (Musculus Sphincter Urethrae Externum)

Sources:
Biorender
University notes and lectures