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In recent years, Wikipedia has frequently picked up some controversy for being less than reliable. Last time, I showed you how one editor in a niche corner of online Welsh history could completely distort reality, and create a king who didn't exist.
This time, however, is different. This time, the history of Wales has not just been morphed by a lone editor, but by a series of historical mistakes spanning over 3 centuries.
Many online articles and websites have continually perpetuated this myth, but none of them are at fault for it's creation.

Today I am covering the story of how one man rewrote 1000 years of history.

Chapters:
0:00 Part 1: Wikipedia
1:26 The Welsh Dragon
4:35 Cadwaladr’s Dragon
10:02 British Goblins
13:13 Part 2: Henry VII
16:20 Cadwallader, Cadwalladar
20:37 Henry Tudor, and Cadwalider
24:08 Y Ddraig Goch
26:50 The Tudors, Welsh History, and Cadwaladr

Sources:
Bartrum, P.C. (1993). A Welsh Classical Dictionary : People in History and Legend up to about A.D. 1000. The National Library of Wales, pp.9091, 184185.

CharlesEdwards, T.M. (2013). Wales and the Britons, 3501064. Oxford: OUP, pp.355356.

Crampin, M. (2019). King Arthur, King Tewdrig and King Cadwaladr. [online] Gwydr Lliw yng Nghymru. Available at: https://stainedglass.llgc.org.uk/obje... [Accessed 18 Nov. 2023].

Davies, J. (2007). A History of Wales. London: Penguin, pp.61, 136137, 211214.

Elton, G.R. (1985). King Henry VII. Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, pp.131–145.

Jones, J.G. (1998). The Welsh gentry and the image of the ‘CambroBriton’, c.160325. Welsh History Review, 19(4), pp.615655.

Llywelyn, M.G. (2017). Y Ddraig yn Nychymyg a Llenyddiaeth y Cymry c.600 – c.1500. MPhil Prifysgol. pp.8–93.

Loach, J. (1994). The Function of Ceremonial in the Reign of Henry VIII. Past & Present Oxford University Press, (142), p.57.

Higham, N.J. (2018). King Arthur: The Making of the Legend. Yale University Press, p.89.

Maund, K. (2006). The Welsh Kings. 3rd ed. The History Press Ltd, p.37.

Reiss, E. (1968). Welshmen and the Hundred Years’ War. Welsh History Review, 4(2), pp.98–100.

Woolf, D. (1992). The Power of the Past: History, Ritual and Political Authority in Early Modern England. London and New York: Routledge, pp.1–19.

Primary sources:
Location of online, Cadwaladr references shown in video (please do not act in a negative manner towards anyone listed. This is a criticism of poor sourcing, not of the websites themselves):
https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/s...
https://www.historicuk.com/HistoryUK...
https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/ukwales4...
https://www.flaginstitute.org/wp/flag...

Wales.com's article is excellent, asides from the point on the dragon being used in the 5th century.
https://www.wales.com/about/whythere...

The Royal mint is correct in noting the dragon is from the 6th century, but the claim that it was sometimes known as Cadwaladr's dragon at this time is incorrect.
https://www.royalmint.com/discover/uk...

The Encyclopedia Britannica simply lists the wrong Cadwaladr here, and is by far the most accurate out of the articles shown.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag...

Historical references to Cadwaladr's dragon (17181909).
Williams, B.C.L. (1909). The Union of England and Wales. Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, p.70.
An Essay on the Ancient and Modern Use of Armories (1718)
Hall's Chronicle (1548)

Music courtesy of the YouTube Audio Library:

Blacksmith Godmode

Namaste, Atlantis, and Deep Space, by Audionautix are all licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Artist: http://audionautix.com/

CGI Snake by Chris Zabriskie is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/...
Source: http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/'>http://chriszabriskie.com/divider/
Artist: http://chriszabriskie.com/

Strange Stuff Matt Harris

Stranger Danger Francis Preve

Lands Unknown Futuremono

Fortress Europe Dan Bodan

Lullabye Density & Time

Images of, and from:
Sant Cadwaladr Llywelyn2000, CC BYSA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... , via Wikimedia Commons.

Y Ddraig Goch Sodacan, CC BYSA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/... , via Wikimedia Commons

Welsh flag Tobias Jakobs, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Henry VII coat of arms Sodacan, CC BYSA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

all other images are public domain, via the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the National Library of Wales, the Yale Center for British Art, and the British Library