The purpose of monads and their alternatives (old and new). For people who love monads, hate monads, and those who don’t get them.

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 Useful links:
* Doing vs. Being: https://systemfw.org/posts/programsa...
* Unison Abilities: https://www.unisonlang.org/docs/fund...
* OCaml Effect handlers: https://v2.ocaml.org/manual/effects.html
* OCaml Effect handlers: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.00250.pdf
* Scala Capabilities: https://www.slideshare.net/Odersky/ca...
* Delimited continuation primops (ghc proposal): https://github.com/ghcproposals/ghc...
* Frank / Do be do be do: https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09259
* On the expressive power of userdefined effects: https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.09161
* Effekt Language: https://effektlang.org/
* Koka Language: https://kokalang.github.io/koka/doc/...

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0:00 Intro
0:08 How we ended up in the world with monads
2:42 Control flow
4:56 The costs of monads
6:52 Monads vs. Direct Style
7:55 The worst of both worlds? Mixed styles
8:23 The best of both worlds? Directstyle algebraic effects
11:55 Control flow and call s tack
12:53 The pros of directstyle algebraic effects
14:12 The elephant in the pure room. RT
15:22 Other limitations and unknowns
15:57 What’s next and where to go
16:55 Takeaways