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Untangling the origins of Beelzebufo the giant frog that lived alongside the dinosaurs turns out to be one of the most bedeviling problems in the history of amphibians. 

Thank you to these paleoartists for allowing us to use their wonderful illustrations:
Ceri Thomas:   / alphynix  
Nobu Tamura: https://spinops.blogspot.com/
Julio Lacerda: https://252mya.com/gallery/juliolacerda

This video features this paleogeographic map: Scotese, C.R., 2019. Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Ice Ages, YouTube video:    • Scotese Plate Tectonics Paleogeograph...  .

Here are the two of the papers we reference in this video:
Evans SE, Groenke JR, Jones MEH, Turner AH, Krause DW (2014) New Material of Beelzebufo, a Hyperossified Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. PLoS ONE 9(1): e87236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....

Lappin, A.K., Wilcox, S.C., Moriarty, D.J. et al. Bite force in the horned frog (Ceratophrys cranwelli) with implications for extinct giant frogs. Sci Rep 7, 11963 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s4159801711...

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References: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F...