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The Rif War between Spain and the Rif Republic gave rise to a young Spanish officer named Francisco Franco who later would become Spanish dictator. After Spain had almost lost the war against the Rifi people, they got help from France and WW1 hero Philippe Pétain.

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» SOURCES
Álvarez, José E., The Betrothed of Death: The Spanish Foreign Legion During the Rif Rebellion, 19201927, (Westport, CT : Greenwood Press, 2001)

Balfour, Sebastian & La Porte, Pablo, “Spanish Military Cultures and the Moroccan
Wars, 1909–36”, European History Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 3, (2000)

Chandler, James M. “Spain and Her Moroccan Protectorate 1898 1927”, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 10, No. 2, (1975)

Harris, Walter B,. France, Spain and the Rif, (London : Edward Arnold & Co., 1927)

MaddyWeitzman, Bruce, “Abdelkrim: Whose Hero is He? The Politics of Contested Memory in Today's Morocco”, The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 2, (2012)

Pack, Sasha D, The Deepest Border : The Strait of Gibraltar and the Making of the Modern HispanoAfrican Borderland, (Stanford, CA : Stanford University Press, 2019)

Pennell, C R, A Country with a Government and a Flag: the Rif War in Morocco, 19211926, (Wisbech : Middle East and North African Studies Press Ltd, 1986)

Pennell, C R, “Ideology and Practical Politics: A Case Study of the Rif War in Morocco, 19211926”, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 14, No. 1, (1982)

Peyron, Michael, The Berbers of Morocco: A History of Resistance, (London : Bloomsbury, 2020)

Sangster, Andrew, Probing the Enigma of Franco, (Cambridge : Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018)

Woolman, David S. Rebels in the Rif: Abd el Krim and the Rif Rebellion, (Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1969)


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Presented by: Jesse Alexander
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