The history of the Soviet Union has roots in the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, emerged as the main political force in the capital of the former Russian Empire, though they had to fight a long and brutal civil war against the Mensheviks, or Whites. The Bolsheviks became known as the Russian Communist Party, and their Red Army eventually won the Civil War. From the territories of the former Russian Empire emerged the Russian Soviet Republic, along with the Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian republics which were eventually to unite to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

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