#penicillin #Downstream #Alexanderfleming

In 1928, Alexander Fleming noted that mold belonging to the genus Penicillium inhibited the growth of bacteria. Fleming called this unknown antibacterial substance penicillin. Ten years later, a group at Oxford University began to investigate penicillin in laboratory mice. Penicillin was hailed as a miracle drug and saved countless lives in World War II.Today, many derivatives of penicillin have been developed that inhibit more types of bacteria than the original lifesaving drug. Penicillin itself is active against
streptococci (including Streptococcus pneumoniae),
Listeria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
Clostridium,
Peptococcus, and
Peptostreptococcus.
Penicillin antibiotics are used to treat many types of infections caused by susceptible bacteria. They are used to treat infections of the middle ear, sinuses, stomach and intestines, bladder, and kidney. They also are used for treating
pneumonia,
blood infections (sepsis),
uncomplicated gonorrhea,
meningitis,
endocarditis, and
other serious infections.

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