#Diabetes #BloodGlucoseRegulation #Hyperglycemia #hypoglycemia #glucose

Normal Blood Glucose | Hyperglycemia | Hypoglycemia | Diabetes Mellitus‍⚕

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▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Contents of this video ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
00:00:00 Start
00:00:15 Objectives
00:00:34 What Is Diabetes?
00:01:00 Normal Blood Glucose Level In Human Body
00:01:48 Fasting Blood Glucose
00:02:31 Postprandial Blood Glucose
00:07:21 Importance Of Normal Blood Glucose Level
00:10:24 Effect On CNS
00:13:20 Effect On Retina
00:14:30 Effect On Germinal Epithelium
00:17:38 Hyperglycemia
00:20:39 Effects On Kidneys
00:33:24 Electrolyte Imbalance
00:35:47 Long Term Effects Of Hyperglycemia
00:37:04 Effect On Blood Vessels
00:44:30 Microvascular Effects
00:47:04 Regulatory Substances
00:52:20 Glycopenic Neurological Manifestations
00:55:10 Delirium
00:56:30 Glucose Sensing Cells And Adrenergic Influence
01:00:37 Dromotropic And Bathmotropic Actions
01:04:04 Anxiety
01:06:40 Revision

Glucose is the key metabolic substrate for tissue energy production. In the perinatal period the mother supplies glucose to the fetus and for most of the gestational period the normal lower limit of fetal glucose concentration is around 3 mmol/L. Just after birth, for the first few hours of life in a normal term neonate appropriate for gestational age, blood glucose levels can range between 1.4 mmol/L and 6.2 mmol/L but by about 72 h of age fasting blood glucose levels reach normal infant, child and adult values (3.55.5 mmol/L). Normal blood glucose levels are maintained within this narrow range by factors which control glucose production and glucose utilisation. The key hormones which regulate glucose homoeostasis include insulin, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol and growth hormone. Pathological states that affect either glucose production or utilisation will lead to hypoglycaemia. Although hypoglycaemia is a common biochemical finding in children (especially in the newborn) it is not possible to define by a single (or a range of) blood glucose value/s. It can be defined as the concentration of glucose in the blood or plasma at which the individual demonstrates a unique response to the abnormal milieu caused by the inadequate delivery of glucose to a target organ (eg, the brain). Hypoglycaemia should therefore be considered as a continuum and the blood glucose level should be interpreted within the clinical scenario and with respect to the counterregulatory hormonal responses and intermediate metabolites.


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