The atmosphere can be divided into four individuals layers separated by changes in air temperature. These layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere.

Each layer is classified according to the temperature. As you gain elevation in the troposphere the temperature drops. The temperature range is from around 15 degrees Celsius to negative 45 to 50 Celsius at the top
The temperature of the stratosphere actually gets warmer with elevation and ranges from minus 45 to 50 degrees Celsius at the bottom to 0 degrees Celsius at the top.
The mesosphere is similar to the troposphere and the temperature decreases with elevation.
The temperature ranges from 0 degrees Celsius to negative 90 degrees Celsius at the top.
Finally, the thermosphere gets warmer with elevation. The temperature ranges from negative 90 degrees at the bottom to over 1500 degrees Celsius at the very top.

As you move from the troposphere to the thermosphere the atmospheric pressure decreases.
As you go up in elevation the atmospheric pressure decreases and as you down in elevation the atmospheric pressure increases.
In 2012 Felix Baumgartner completed a freefall parachute jump from the stratosphere. During this jump, he reached speeds of over 800 miles per hour and broke the sound barrier. He was able to reach speed because the atmospheric is so thin there was very little friction to slow him down.