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This animation explains the working principle of turbocharged Diesel engines and turbos in general.

Contents
1) Alfred Büchi and its invention
2) Aircraft, cars and boats with turbochargers
3) 4stroke Diesel engine as "naturally aspirated engine"
4) Engines at low and high RPM
5) Basic components (turbine wheel, compressor wheel, shaft)
6) Converting thermal energy into kinetic energy
7) Turbo within context (Diesel engine)
8) Other components (intercooler, wastegate)