Carol Tomlinson provides an explanation on getting started with differentiate instruction.

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Differentiation is responsive teaching rather than one size fits all teaching (Tomlinson, 2005). To put it yet another way, it means that teachers proactively plan varied approaches to what students need to

learn, how they will learn it, and/or how they will show what they have learned in order to increase the likelihood that each student will learn as much as he or she can, as efficiently as possible (Tomlinson, 2003).
http://www.diffcentral.com/whatisdi.html