Explore the concept of biological evolution with the Amoeba Sisters! This video mentions a few misconceptions about biological evolution before providing a general definition. Then this video provides a description of four different evolutionary mechanisms (gene flow, mutations, genetic drift, and natural selection). Finally, the video presents several lines of evidence for biological evolution including homologies (molecular, anatomical, and developmental), the fossil record, and biogeography.

Table of Contents:
00:00 Intro
0:10 Misconceptions in Evolution
1:07 Video Overview
1:21 General Definition
1:59 Variety in a Population
2:12 Evolutionary Mechanisms
4:03 Molecular Homologies
4:47 Anatomical Homologies
6:13 Developmental Homologies
6:56 Fossil Record
7:48 Biogeography
8:54 Concluding Remarks

FACTUAL REFERENCES:
Douglas John Emlen, and Carl Zimmer. Evolution: Making Sense of Life. Austin Macmillan Learning, 2020.

Fowler, Samantha, et al. “11.2 Mechanisms of Evolution Concepts of Biology | OpenStax.” Openstax.org, OpenStax, 25 Apr. 2013, openstax.org/books/conceptsbiology/pages/112mechanismsofevolution.

Urry, Lisa A, et al. Campbell Biology. 11th ed., New York, Ny, Pearson Education, Inc, 2017.

Zedalis, Julianne, and John Eggebrecht. Biology for AP® Courses. OpenStax, 8 Mar. 2018, openstax.org/books/biologyapcourses/pages/181understandingevolution.

General definitions of biological evolution? A few:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowl...
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolut...

*Wing claw as vestigial structure in many species of birds:
https://evolution.berkeley.edu/lines...
https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/p...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/2485270?


FURTHER READING SUGGESTIONS:
An interesting read about defining evolution from NCSE:
https://ncse.ngo/definingevolution

Misconception Lists for Biological Evolution:
from Berkeley: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/teach...
from Openstax: https://openstax.org/books/conceptsb...

Explore more about lines of evidence mentioned in biological evolution:
https://openstax.org/books/conceptsb...

Homology in Development: What happens to structures such as the postanal tail or pharyngeal slits (or pouches) during development?
https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/ch...

Horse Hoof Changes Over Time: an interesting read!
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/fos...

Kangaroos and Opossums: an interesting read:
https://askabiologist.asu.edu/kangaro...


The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. Amoeba Sisters videos only cover concepts that Pinky is certified to teach, and they focus on her specialty: secondary life science. Learn more about our videos here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/ourvideos

Support Us? https://www.amoebasisters.com/supportus

We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...

Our Resources and Handouts: https://www.amoebasisters.com/handouts
Biology Video Playlist:    • Amoeba Sisters Biology Learning Playlist  
GIFs: https://www.amoebasisters.com/gifs.html
Comics: https://www.amoebasisters.com/paramec...
Unlectured Series: https://www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured

Connect with us!
Website: https://www.AmoebaSisters.com
Social Media: https://linktr.ee/amoebasisters

MUSIC:
Our intro music designed and performed by Jeremiah Cheshire.
End music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the YouTube audio library.

TRANSLATIONS:
We gladly accept subtitle translations from our community. Learn more here: https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys... We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles.

We also have videos using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our dubbed channels on https://www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys...