A spectacular collection of skulls and skeletal bones from at least five individuals dating from 1.8 million years ago was unearthed at the site of Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia. In this lecture, Leakey Foundation grantee David Lordkipanidze explores how the Dmanisi discoveries document the first expansion of hominins out of Africa and show that this was neither due to increased brain size, nor to improved technology. These discoveries include “Skull 5," the most complete early Homo skull ever found. The variation in the five different skulls from the same place and time yields exciting new evidence on the evolutionary biology of early Homo and supports the idea of a single evolving lineage of early Homo.