❄ रेफ्रिजरेशन क्या होता है? Chilled Water System (चिलर) कैसे काम करता है?

What is Refrigeration? How does Chilled Water System works?

Refrigeration is a mechanism of dissipating heat from an object or an enclosed space. Whenever there is a need of cooling of any material or enclosed place, refrigeration process is applied. Refrigeration process is nothing but a transfer of heat from one substance to another substance. This is accomplished by use of mechanical refrigeration cycle.

Chilled water system is the most common and acceptable in commercial aircondition and industrial refrigeration. It provides cooling to a building or industrial process by using chilled water to absorb heat from the building's spaces.

In the refrigeration cycle a compound, known as the refrigerant, is compressed, cooled, and then expanded. In this process the refrigerant transfers the heat from one place to another.

The refrigeration cycle runs on the principles of thermodynamics, which consists four major components Compressor, Condenser, Chiller (Evaporator) and expansion valve. The cycle starts from the compressor and ends at the compressor.

Compressor works as a pump, which compresses the refrigerant to increase the pressure. It pumps the compressed refrigerant to the condenser. Condenser transfers heat from the refrigerant to another medium, such as air and/or water.

Water cooled condensers are considered as the best choice, as they are much more efficient than air cooled condenser. A WaterCooled Condenser is a heat exchanger that removes heat from refrigerant vapour and transfers it to the water running through it. Condenser water pumps circulate the hot condenser water to the cooling tower where it is cooled by air.

Cooling tower is also a heat rejection device, which works on the principle of evaporation. Hot water coming from the condenser is spread over the fills through sprinkler or nozzles. The water gets contacted with the inside air, pulled by the cooling tower fan. This air and water contac results in the evaporation, and finally cooling of the water. This cold water is pumped to the condenser. This water rejects the heat from the gaseous refrigerant in the condenser. By rejecting heat, the refrigerant condenses to liquid inside the condenser.

The refrigerant then travels to expansion valve, which slows the flow of the refrigerant and turns it to the vapour.

The liquid refrigerant finally enters the Chiller (Evaporator), where it absorbs the unwanted heat. This is the part of the system which does the actual cooling. Here refrigerant gets converted into its vapor state once again.

The refrigerant leaving the evaporator returns to the compressor and begins the cycle again.

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