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On 22nd April 1915 outside the Belgian town of Ypres, German forces unleashed a new weapon of war on their unsuspecting enemy – gas. Over the next three years gas would play a major part in the fighting on the Western Front and cost thousands of lives. But just how deadly was gas in WW1? In this video we will explore the impact that chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas had on those soldiers in the trenches. Of course, many nations used, and suffered the effects of gas, but in this video we will focus on the story from a British perspective.

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Credits:
Research: Michael Salmon
Script & Narration: Dan Hill
Editing: Shane Greer & Linus Klassen
Thumbnail Design: Linus Klassen
Image Colourisation: Doug Banks
Music & Sound Effects: Epidemic Sounds


Written Sources:
M.A. Salmon, Masters Dissertation: A Revolution in Medical Affairs? Countering the attrition of chemical warfare through the development of triage and treatment for gas casualties, 19151918. (2019)
M.A. Salmon, Western Front Association StandTo! Magazine No.126 Paper, Surviving to Fight, Britain’s success in countering Gas Warfare in 1915. (2022)
S.J.M. Auld, Gas and Flame in Modern Warfare (1918)
G.H. Cassar, Trial by Gas. (2014)
T. Cook, No place to Run, the Canadian Corps and Gas Warfare in the First World War (1999)
J.E. Edmunds, Official History of the Great War Military Operations France and Belgium, (Various Editions)
C.H. Foulkes, Gas! The Story of the Special Brigade. (1934)
M. Freemantle, Gas! Gas! Quick, Boys! – How Chemistry changed the First World War (2015)
L.F. Haber, The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War (1986)
C.G. Macpherson, History of the Great War – Medical Services General History, Volume I to III (1921 1923)
L. Macdonald, The Roses of No Man’s Land (1984)
G.G. Naismith, On the Fringe of a Great Fight (1917)
A.M. Prentiss, Chemicals in War: A Treatise on Chemical Warfare (1937)
D. Richter, Chemical Soldiers: British Gas Warfare in World War One (2014)
SS 111, Gas (1916)
SS 134, Instructions on the Use of Lethal and Lachrymatory Shell (December 1916 and March 1918)
SS 388, Defensive Measures Against Gas Attacks (Jan 1916)
TNA, WO 142/266, History of the Organisation of Gas Defence in the British Army
War Diaries, 10th Canadian Infantry Battalion


General Sources:
Herts at War Archive (HAWA)
Imperial War Museum Sound Archive (IWMSA)
US National Archives (NARA)
National Library of Scotland Image Collection (NLS)
Australian War Memorial Image Archive (AWM)
War Diaries of the Battalions (NMP)
British Newspaper Archive (BNA)
The National Archives, Kew (TNA)
Google Earth Pro & Web Versions
Memory Maps, Trench Maps of the First World War
Maptiler Pro (Desktop Version)


Image sources:
L0027572 Portrait of Lt. Col. P.S. Lelean C.B., C.M.G. Credit: Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images [email protected] http://wellcomeimages.org Portrait of Lt. Col. P.S. Lelean C.B., C.M.G.19191921 Portrait photographs of LT Col. Lelean CB CMG, 19191921
Stephencdickson: A World War I British gas hood c.1915
Bundesarchiv, Bild 14620040194 / CCBYSA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, Bild 183S13651 / CCBYSA 3.0
Bundesarchiv, B 285 Bild04413 / Stanislaw Mucha / CCBYSA 3.0
Alex Morley Zyklon B in Auschwitz.JPG